ဝဇိရဗုဒိၶ၊အရွင္ ဋီကာက်မ္း

1

0Zd&Ak'¨d? t&Sif (at'D 12-&mpkrwdkifrD)

0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumusrf;jyK

t&Sifauvmo

t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨donf 0denf;t|uxm\ tzGifh#Dumudk

tOD;qkH;a&;om;onfh #Dum&Sifjzpfonf/ ,if;#Dumudk

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ac:rsm;onf/ om&w¬#Dumüvnf; 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dum[k

yifac:a0:okH;EIef;cJhonf1/ usrf;jyKolurl ed*kH;ü ]*P²d

Xme0dumoem}[k trnfay;cJhonf/ þt&SifpD&if

onhf tjcm;usrf;rsm;&SdaMumif; ckdifvkHonhf taxmuf

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Ak'¨drax&fESihf ¤if;\#DumtaMumif; azmfjycsuf tenf;

i,fom awGY&onf/ odkY&mwGif 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumonf

a&S;usNyD; pmaywefzdk;jrifhaom usrf;pmjzpfonf/

awmif;yefolr&Sd

t&Sifjrwf 0denf;t|uxm\ tzGifh#Dumudk a&;

om;&jcif;rSm yk*¾KdvfwpfOD;OD;u wdkufwGef;awmif;yefí

r[kwfacs/ rdrd\ tvdkqE´tavsmuf a&;om;jcif;

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qE´vIHYaqmfjcif;? aemifvmaemifom; &[ef;awmf

rsm;\ tpD;tyGm;udk ½Ijrifjcif;wdkYaMumihf (þ0de,

#Dumudk a&;om;aytHh)}}

[krdefYqdkxm;onf/

udkum;usrf;rsm;

t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨donf rdrd#Dumü tmp&d,0g'taejzifh

Ak'¨rdwårax&f? ck'´odu©musrf;jyK "r®od&drax&f? Oy

wdórax&f? uvoyk&0goD tmeE´rax&fESifh usrf;

*efrsm;taejzihf rdrdESihftrnfwl tjcm;t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨d

wpfyg;jyKpkonfh tEk*P²dy'? ck'´odu©musrf;jyK t&Sif"r®

od&dyifa&;om;onhfh *P²dy'? oD[dkVfa&S;q&mwdkY a&;cJh

1 om&w¬-#D 1? 7/

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tE¨ut|uxm? r[mt|uxm? r[mypö&dt|uxm?

uk½kE¨dt|uxmusrf;rsm;udk udk;um;azmfjycJhonf/

odkY&mwGif t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmoESifh acwfNyKdif[k

,lq&onfh t&SifAk'¨'wå\ 0de,0dedpä,ESifh Owå&

0dedpä,usrf;wdkYudk razmfjybJ t&SifAk'¨'wåxufaemuf

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a&;om;cJhonfh t&Sif"r®ygv\ tqdktrdefYrsm;udk razmf

jyjcif;wdkdYrSm xl;jcm;onf/ t&SiftmeE´mrax&fonf

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'wåESifh t&Sif"r®ygvwdkYrSm tdE´d,awmifykdif;ü oDwif;

okH;NyD; usrf;pma&;om;Muojzifh t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨dwdkYacwfu

xdkt&SifwdkY\usrf;pmrsm; oD[dkVfodkY ra&mufao;íavm

[k pOfpm;zG,fjzpfonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf tbd"r®rlv

#Dumusrf;jyK tmeE´0e&wewdóESifh t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨d

av;pm;onhf uvoyk&0goDtmeE´wdkY rwlíavm

[kvnf; pOf;pm;Ekdif&monf/

usrf;jyKZmwd

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&efomjzpfonf/ usrf;jyKyk*¾Kdvfonf oD[dkVfbmomjzifh

azmfjyí zGifhqdkonfudk awGY&onf/

ypö&D emr oD[Vbmom, OVKyÜH ud& (0Zd&-#D?

17)/ r'ezv0om'DeDwd {w¬ oD[Vbmom, ud&

0o £wd 0doEÅd taw¬m(¤if;? 129)ponfjzihf oD[kdVf

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onf oD[dkVfZmwd jzpfzG,f&Sdonf/ oD[dkVfygVdpmay

ordkif;ürl uvsmPDausmufpmudk udk;um;NyD; oD[dkVfü

a&;aom usrf;jzpfaMumif;azmfjyonf2/

usrf;jyKacwf

usrf;jyKyk*¾Kdvf ay:ayguf&macwfwdkYudk azmfjy&efvnf;

cJ,Of;onf/ om&w¬'DyeD#Dumusrf;u 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumudk

2 The Pali Literature of Ceylon, p. 258

2

a0zefxm;ojzifh t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨donf t&Sifom&dykwå&m

rwdkifrD ay:xGef;cJhjcifjzpfonf[komqdkEdkifonf/ t&Sif

o&dykwå&monf oD[dkVfuRef; yxry&uúrAm[krif;

(1153-1186)vufxufwGif xif&Sm;aom rax&fjzpf

onf/ xdkrif;onf jrefrmEdkifiH yk*Hüeef;pHaom e&ywd

pnfolrif;ESifh acwfNydKifjzpfonf/

t&Sifom&dykwå&monf om&w¬#Dum\ *E¦m&rÇü

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tawmftwef a&S;uszG,f&Sdonf/ om&w¬#Dumacwfü

tvSrf;a0;EdkifNyDjzpfonfh r[mt|uxm? tE¨u? uk½kE¨d

ESihf r[mypö&dpaom a&S;a[mif;t|uxmvm0g'rsm;

udk ydkifEdkifpGm xkwfjyEkdifjcif;wdkYu tawmftwef a&S;us

onf[laomtcsufudk tm;omaponf/

ucFg#Duma[mif;udk jyKpkolonf 0Zd&#Dum&Sif\

wynfh odkYr[kwf &if;ESD;olrdwfaqG jzpfzG,f&Sdonf/

taMumif;rl ae&mrsm;pGmwdkYü 0Zd&#DumrSpmydk'frsm;udk

ta&;w,l udk;um;azmfjyonfudk awGY&aomaMumifh

jzpfonf/ ]]£awm y|m, vdcdwEÅd 0kawå 0Zd&Ak'¨d

aw¬a&emwd *a[wAÁH1/ þae&mrSí a&;om;tyf[k

qdkvQif t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨d(a&;cJhonf)[k ,l&rnf}} [lí

vnf; ñTef;qdkcJhonf/ ucFg#Dumopfudkrl t&Sifom&d

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udk;um;onhf ucFg#Duma[mif;yif t&Sifom&dykwå&m

acwfxuf apmykH&onf/

xdkYaMumihf om&w¬#Dumacwf at'D 12-&mpk

rwdkifrD t&SiftmeE´mwdkYacwf at'D 7-&mpkaemufykdif;

odkYr[kwf t&SiftmeE´mwdkYxuf tvGefBuD;aemufrus

onhf &mpktwGif; 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dum&Sif ay:xGef;onf[k

cefYrSef;EkdifzG,f&Sdonf/

uGif;qufrsm;

0ZdAk'¨d#Dum&Sifonf uvoyk&0goD t&SiftmE´mtm;

tvGefav;pm;ykH&onf/ xdkYaMumifh 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumü

atmufyg rdefYqdkcsufudk awGY&onf-

]]£awm y|m, ,w¬ ,w¬ tmp&a,e vdcdwEÅd

0g tmp&d,ó wauúmwd 0g 0kpöwd/ ww¬

tmp&da,m emr tmeE´mp&da,m uvoyk&

0goDwd *a[waAÁm2/

1 ucFg-yk&mP#D? 3/

2 0Zd&-#D? pm- 35/

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onf uvoyk&t&yfae t&SiftmeE´m q&m[k ,lyg}}

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t&SiftmeE´mrax&fu ]aupd}[k ESdrfíqdkcH&onfh

yk*¾KdvfrSm t&Sif"r®od&djzpfaMumif; qdkcJhonf3/ odkY&mwGif

,if;t&Sif"r®od&drSm rnfonfhusrf;udka&;aMumif; tEk#D

umü azmfjyjcif;r&Sd/ wpfzef 0Zd&Ak'd¨#Dum&Sifuvnf;

emrnfwl t&Sif"r®od&demrnfudk jyqdkonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHomoemh*E¦0ifwGif xif&Sm;NyD; edó,

usrf;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmudk a&;om;jyKpkawmfrlcJhaom

q&mawmfOD;Ak"fonf tqdkyg0ZdAk'¨d#Dumü ñTef;qdk

onhf t&SiftmeE´mESihf rlv#Dumusrf;jyK t&SiftmeE´m?

rlv#Dumü aupdxdk;cH&onfh t&Sif"r®od&dESifh ck'´odu©m

usrf;jyK t&Sif"r®od&dwdkYudk twlwl[k ,lqcJhonf4/

0Zd&Ak'¨d#DumwGif -

"r®od&daw¬a&m yem[-

]twåaem tnawm vmbH?

oHCónó 0g ewH/

y&dPar,s edó*¾d?

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t"dyÜg,frSm ]]t&Sif"r®od&drax&fu ]twåaem /y/

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*gxmrSm ck'´odu©m*gxmtrSwf 119-jzpfonf/ xdkY

aMumifh 0Zd&Ak'd¨#Dum&Sif &nfnTef;cJhonfh t&Sif"r®

od&drSm ck'´odu©musrf;jyKyk*¾KdvfjzpfonfrSm aocsmonf/

0Zd&Ak'¨dtvdkt& xdk"r®od&dax&fonf 0de,*P²dy'

usrf;udkvnf; a&;om;cJhonf6/

0Zd&Ak'¨düazmfjyonhf uvoyk&0goD t&SiftmeE´m

ESifh rlv#Dumusrf;jyK t&SiftmeE´m twlwljzpfonf[l

aom q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ ,lqESihfywfoufírl ,if;odkY

wlnD aMumif;azmfjy&ef usrf;pmtaxmuftxm; rawGY

&ao;ouJhodkY jiif;qdk&efvnf; taxmuftxm;r&Sdacs/

0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumüyif ],w¬ tEk*P²dya'wd? ww¬

0Zd&Ak'¨daw¬&ó tEk*P²dya'wd *a[wAÁH7} [k

t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨d\ tEk*P²dy'udkñTef;qdkcsuf awGY&onf/

3 tEk#D 1? 91-ponf/ 4 ck'´odu©medó,?

5 0Zd&-#D? pm-284/

6 ,w¬ ,w¬ *P²dya'wd 0kpöwd? ww¬ ww¬ "r®od&daw

¬&ó *P²dya'wd *a[wAÁH/ 0Zd&-#D? 95/

7 0Zd&-#D? 96/

3

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oE¨m,m[1}[k tEk#DumzGihfqdkcsufudkvnf;awGU&onf/

t&Sif"r®ygv\ tEk#Dumü azmfjyonfh t&Sif0Zd&

Ak'¨donf 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumvm tEk*P²dy'usrf;jyK t&Sif

0Zd&Ak'¨d jzpfzG,f&Sdonf/ odkYjzpfvQif 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dum&Sifudk

t&Sif"r®ygveSihf t&SiftmeE´mwdkYxuf tvGefaemuf

rus[kyif qdkEkdifonfhjyif q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ tmeE´m

ESpfyg;twlwl t,ltqukvd nf; tav;omaponf/

0Zd&Ak'd¨üyif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;onf-

]]Oywdóaw¬a&m 0'wDwd tEk*P²dya' 0kwåH2/

Oywdórax&fu rdefYqdkaMumif; tEk*P²dy'ü

qdkxm;onf}}

þpum;t& Oywdórax&fonf tEk*P²dy'a&;

ol t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨dxuf a&S;usEdkifonf/ xdkYjyif tEk#Dum

ü azmfjyonfh (rlv#Dumvm a, p-t&) t&Sif0Zd&

Ak'¨dudk 0de,tEk*P²dy'a&;ol[k ,lqEdkifvQif ,if;

tEk#Dumjy t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨donf rlv#Dum&Sifxuf a&S;

usjyefonf/ Oywdórax&f[lonfudkvnf; t&Sif

r[mAk'¨aCmoESifhacwfNydKif ck'odu©musrf;jyK t&Sif"r®

od&dESifh q&mwlwynfh[k ,lqEkdif&monf/

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zl;MuaMumif; 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumü qdkxm;onf-

]]tmp&d,m emr Ak'¨rdwåaw¬& "r®od&daw¬& Oywdóaw

¬&m'a,m *Pygarmu©m? t|uxmp&d

,ó p oEÅdau okwykAÁm/ wawm tan

{auwd a0'dwAÁm3/

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vdk\/ xdkrax&fwdkYonf t|uxmq&m (t&Sif

r[mAk'¨aCmoudk &nf½G,fykH&onf)\xHü yd#uwf

tqkH;tjzwfudk Mum;emzl;Muonf/ ,if;rSwpfyg;

aomyk*¾Kdvfrsm;udk {au[k rSwfyg}}

txufyg azmfjycsufü t&SifAk'¨rdwåax&f[lonf

t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmotm; rZÑdredu,ft|uxmudk a&;

om;&ef awmif;yefolavm[k ,lqzG,fjzpfonf/

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tawG; tjrifopfrsm; &&SdEdkif&monf/

1 tEk#D 3? 212/ 2 0Zd&-#D? 267/

3 0Zd&-#D? pm-147/

a0zefcH&jcif;

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ojzihf #Dum&Sif\ boEÅ&A[kokwudk csD;rGrf;oifhaomf

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,suEÅd plVuk[k? 0w¬Kav,suEÅd r[muk[k? [EÅm

vEÅd udwdvd(0Zd&-#D? 320)ponfjzihf 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumü

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jcif;\taMumif;udk atmufyg twdkif; azmfjycJhonf-

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tom&*E¦bma&myd? waw¬0 A[k 'dówd1/

tcsKdUrSm rm*"D(ygVd)bmomjzihf a&;om;aomfvnf;

bmomjcm;pmay (pum;)jzifh a&m>yrf;zGihfqdkxm;\/

rvdktyfbJ usrf;av;atmif xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;

onfudkvnf; xdkusrf;ü rsm;pGm awGY&onf}}

om&w¬#Dum&Sifonf 0Zd&Ak'¨d#DumrS rdrdt,l

tqESihfrwlonhf tcsufaygif; wpf&mausmfrQudk xkwf

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onfht|uxm? #Dumusrf;rsm;udk aemufusrf;rsm;u

a0zefaxmufjyonfrSm xkH;pHyifjzpfonf/

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a&;ESihf Ak'¨omoemawmf pnfyifjyefYyGm;a&;twGuf a&S;

a&S;yk*¾KdvfwdkY\ usrf;pmrsm;ü vdktyfonfwdkYudk axmuf

jy&efom &nf½G,fcJhMuzG,f&Sdonf/ trsm;vufcHonhf

tajzwpf&yftwGuf ,if;odkY apwemygonhf a0zef

jcif;wdkYrSm ta&;BuD;NyD; trSefwu,fvkd tyfonf/

0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dumed*kH;ü usrf;jyKyk*¾Kdvfu rdrda&;om;

csufrsm;ESihf ywfoufí ygVdawmf? t|uxm? tmp&d,

0g'wdkYESihf rqefYusifrSom,lNyD; qefYusifbdrl pGefYy,fyg/

jiif;ckef½IyfaxG;jcif;udkrl omoemawmf qkwf,kwfjcif;\

aMumif;jzpfí a&SmifMuOfygukef[k rdefYrSmxm;cJhonf/

1 om&w¬-#D 1? 1 (yPmr*gxm)

4

xl;jcm;csufrsm;

tjcm;aom ax&0g'? t|uxm? #Dumusrf;wdkYü

wpfpGef;wpfpazmfjyjcif;r&SdbJ 0Zd&Ak'¨#Dumü Oy*kwå

rax&ftaMumif; xnf;oGif;azmfjyjcif;rSm xl;jcm;onf/

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owåd ew¬Dwd? tw¬d? wxmydó ypäm Oy*kwåumav

yom'a[wkwåm t"d0gaowd/ {w¬

Oy*kwåm"d|meH 0wåAÁH 1}}

t&Sif0Zd&Ak'¨donf *kdPf;wpfyg;ESihfeD;pyfol? odkYr[kwf

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Edkifonf/ taMumif;rl t&SifjrwfñTef;qdkonfh t&SifOy

*kwåax&frSm ax&0g'ürxif&Sm;bJ *kdPf;wpfyg;(r[m

,me)üom txl;xif&Sm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/

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pHNyD;aemuf t&Sifr[muóy? t&SiftmeE´m? t&Sif

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ax&frSm pwkw¬ajrmufjzpfonf/ t&SifOy*kwåtaMumif;

udk taomu0'ge? 'dAsm0'geESihf wdAufpma&;q&m

wm&memx\ tdE´d,Ak'¨bmomordkif;usrf;wdkYü crf;

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usrf;udk;

1/ 0Zd&Ak'¨d#Dum

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5/ ck'´odu©medó, ? q&mawmfOD;Ak"f/

6/ Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol.1151. Part 1.

May 1987 P.76-P.84, by L.A. Waddell, LL.D.

7/ Malalasekera, Pali Literature of Ceylon, p. 258

Ashin Kekasa

1651 E. Manhatton Dr.

Tempe, AZ 85282 USA

2 Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol.1151. Part 1.

May 1987 P.76-P.84